ABSTRACT
Affinity chromatography is characterized by its high specificity,high recovery rate and sensitivity,and it has been widely used in the selection of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,separation and enrichment of low molecular weight sugars and protein peptides,research on mechanism of action and discovery of targets.This paper reviewed the application of affinity chromatography and its adsorption isotherm model,kinetic model and adsorption thermodynamic mechanism in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.This summarizes and provides thinking for comprehensive applications of affinity chromatography theory in the field of active ingredient screening,purification and medicine interaction.
Subject(s)
Adsorption , Chromatography, Affinity , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
Hypolipidemic polysaccharides have notable activity and safety with a range of diverse sources. In this paper, the classification of hypolipidemic polysaccharides was carried out into polysaccharide sulfate, glycosaminoglycan, homopolysaccharide and heteropolysaccharide. The hypolipidemic activity mechanism and structure-activity relationship hypothesis of those polysaccharides in recent years were briefly reviewed therefore to provide references for the study and product development of polysaccharides.
Subject(s)
Hypolipidemic Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Polysaccharides , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Recent years, chemical constituents from spice volatile oils have gained worldwide concern owing to its multiple pharmacological effects and safety for using as the natural antibacterial agents. However, their poor dissolution, strong volatility, serious irritation, weak stability, easy oxidation and low bioavailability characteristics are the major obstacle in the preparation of effective oral formulation and practical application. Therefore, there is an urgent need to select a novel carrier system that can delivery the chemical constituents from spice volatile oils more efficiently with improving their stability as well as alleviating the irritation, and develop the functional food, health products and even medicine for exerting their pharmacological effects, which also is the focus and nodus of the research on their application. This review presents recent systematic studies on their novel carrier systems, including cyclodextrin inclusion complex, liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanoparticles, solid dispersion and so on, and summarizes the characteristics, application range and problems of each novel carrier systems, in order to provide some beneficial thoughts in further developing new products of chemical constituents from spice volatile oils.
Subject(s)
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Methods , Drug Carriers , Chemistry , Nanoparticles , Chemistry , Oils, Volatile , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , SpicesABSTRACT
Linalool, as a major volatile compound, is widely distributed in natural plant essential oil. In addition, it can also be artificially synthesized. Linalool is used frequently as an important ingredient of perfumes and household detergents. It is still employed in food flavor and industries. Besides, linalool has some positive effect on healthcare. Many studies have showed that linalool exhibited a variety of pharmacological activities, including analgesic, anxiolytic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-bacterial effects. Therefore, linalool will be a promising agent for clinical application. This article reviews the pharmacological effects and formulation studies of linalool so as to provide a theoretical basis for its further development and utilization.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anti-Anxiety Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Monoterpenes , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Affinity chromatography is a chromatographic method for separating molecules using the binding characteristics of the stationary phase with potential drug molecules. This method can be performed as a high throughput screening method and a chromatographic separation method to screen a variety of active drugs. This paper summarizes the history of affinity chromatography, screening technology of affinity chromatography, and application of affinity chromatography in screening bio-active compounds in herbal medicines, and then discusses its application prospects, in order to broaden applications of the affinity chromatography in drug screening.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Chromatography, Affinity , Methods , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , ChemistryABSTRACT
Pluronic/bile salt/phospholipid mixed micelles [Pluronic/BS/PS-MM] drug carrier system for solubilization hydrophobic drugs was developed. A typical hydrophobic compound, pyrene, was selected as a representative hydrophobic compound to model the hydrophobic drugs. Five Pluronics, F68, F88, F98, F108, and F127 with different PPO chain length were studied. CMC data and solubilization capacities were obtained from a pyrene solubilization method. A closed association model was used to obtain the thermodynamic parameters: Gibbs free energy [DELTA G[Degree sign]], enthalpy, [DELTA H[degree sign]] and entropy [DELTA S[degree sign]] of micellization. The results obtained from these experiments suggest that the mixed micelles was more stable and solubilize more pyrene than single one; and the solubilization of pyrene was strong effected by the PPO block size, thus accentuating synergistic interaction mechanism in Pluronic/BS/PS-MM. The study generated an important dataset so as to compare the effect of different Pluronics on solubility capacity of Pluronic/BS/PS-MM
ABSTRACT
With the development of natural products, the research activities on the solubilization methods of water-insoluble natural products have been carried out worldwide. Big molecular weight and poor solubility of most natural active ingredients lead to a very poor oral absorption and low bioavailability, which has extremely limited their development in pharmaceutical fields and clinical application. As a result, it is necessary to find out a suitable technique to improve the solubility and enhance the oral bioavailability of insoluble natural drugs. Based on the related references published in these years, this review introduced some new techniques to improve the solubility and bioavailability of natural drugs, including prodrugs, inclusion complex, solid dispersion, cocrystals, osmotic pump, liquisolid compacts, micronization, self-microemulsifying, nanosuspensions, lipsomes, polymeric micelles and so on, and summarized the theory, characteristics, application range, application examples, problems and development direction of each technique.
Subject(s)
Administration, Oral , Biological Availability , Biological Products , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Methods , Solubility , Technology, Pharmaceutical , Methods , WaterABSTRACT
Spices have enjoyed a long history and a worldwide application. Of particular interest is the pharmaceutical value of spices in addition to its basic seasoning function in cooking. Concretely, equipped with complex chemical compositions, spices are of significant importance in pharmacologic actions, like antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, as well as therapeutical effects in gastrointestinal disorders and cardiovascular disease. Although increasing evidences in support of its distinct role in the medical field has recently reported, little information is available for substantive, thorough and sophisticated researches on its chemical constituents and pharmacological activities, especially mechanism of these actions. Therefore, in popular wave of studies directed at a single spice, this review presents systematic studies on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities associated with common used spices, together with current typical individual studies on functional mechanism, in order to pave the way for the exploitation and development of new medicines derived from the chemical compounds of spice (such as, piperine, curcumin, geniposide, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, linalool, estragole, perillaldehyde, syringic acid, crocin).
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Antioxidants , Pharmacology , Cardiovascular System , Digestive System , Spices , ToxicityABSTRACT
Matrine is one of the main active components extracted from Sophora flavescens, S. subprostrata and S. alopecuroides. In recent years, its anti-tumor activity has attracted wide attention. According to studies, matrine shows the anti-tumor effect through multiple channels such as inducing apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells, arresting cell cycle, inhibiting tumor cell migration, angiogenesis and NF-kappaB, as well as the synergistic effect with chemotherapeutics. Along with the further studies on matrine's anti-tumor mechanism, it has a broad prospect for development and application in tumor clinical treatment.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Alkaloids , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Cell Cycle , Cell Proliferation , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , Quinolizines , PharmacologyABSTRACT
As many traditional Chinese medicines have been founded to have protective effect on liver damage in recent years, they have also got involved in increasingly wide clinical application. Meanwhile, with the development of new hepatic protective formulations of traditional Chinese medicines, we have set increasingly higher requirements for quality control methods and measures. This essay summarizes the advance in studies on hepatic protective formulations of traditional Chinese medicine and their quality control methods in the combination of relevant domestic and foreign literatures, looking into the future of the development of new hepatic protective formulations of traditional Chinese medicines.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Reference Standards , Therapeutic Uses , Liver , Liver Diseases , Drug Therapy , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Reference Standards , Phytotherapy , Reference Standards , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Nanocarriers generally made of natural or artificial polymers ranging in size from about 10-1 000 nm, possess versatile properties suitable for drug delivery, including good biocompatibility and biodegradability, potential capability of targeted delivery and controlled release of incorporated drugs, and have been extensively used in the development of new drug delivery systems (DDS). These types of nano-DDS have considerable potential to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and recently have attracted increasing efforts on the TCM research and development. In this review, the recently published literature worldwide is covered to describe the latest advances in the applications as TCM delivery carriers, and to highlight the characteristics and preparation methods of some selected examples of promising nanocarriers such as nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanomicelles and nanoliposomes.
Subject(s)
Drug Carriers , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Nanostructures , Chemistry , Nanotechnology , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare silybin lipid nanospheres (SLN) and to evaluate the properties of morphology, particle size and the silybin distribution in mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Silybin lipid nanospheres were prepared by thin film emulsion-high pressure homogenization technique. Concentrations of silybin in mice blood, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, heart, stomach after oral administration were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Scanning electron micrograph showed that most of the SLN were spherical. The average diameter from photon correlation spectrometer was 148.9 nm with the polydispersity 0.17. Body distribution data indicated that SLN could increase the distribution of silybin in blood and liver, decrease the amount of silybin in stomach as compared with the preparation on market, and the drug targeting index (DTI) in liver was 1.81.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SLN can increase the uptake of silybin in liver after oral administration, which must benefit the hepatitis treatment.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Administration, Oral , Delayed-Action Preparations , Drug Carriers , Drug Delivery Systems , Liver , Metabolism , Nanoparticles , Particle Size , Phospholipids , Random Allocation , Silymarin , Pharmacokinetics , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the encapsulation efficiency of silybin liposomes.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>After Silybin liposomes solution was separated through sphadex G-100 column, eluent collected was determined by the first derivative UV spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curve of Silybin was linear in the range of 0.5-30.0 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.9998). The average recovery was 101.7%. The relative standard deviation was 1.8%. The results showed that the encapsulation efficiency ranged from 65.1%-83.0% when the drug/phospholipid ratio varied from 0.02-0.06. The concentration of SLB in liposomes prepared by optimum technique was 760.4 mg x L(-1) (n = 4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is accurate, simple and suitable for the quality control of Silybin liposomes.</p>